直升机着舰气动特性实验测控系统设计

Design of measurement and control system for helicopter carrier landing aerodynamic characteristics experiment

  • 摘要: 舰船在海面上航行时会发生空间六自由度运动,对直升机着舰气动特性和操控性能都会产生不利影响。为研究机舰耦合流场中直升机着舰气动特性,自主设计模拟机舰耦合特性风洞实验测控系统。该系统能实现舰船六自由度运动模拟、直升机模型载荷和转速监测采集、舰船姿态与直升机载荷同步采集。通过实验,得到不同工况下直升机模型载荷和舰船姿态数据,当舰船俯仰振荡时,由于桨盘与舰船甲板之间的距离周期性变化以及地面效应的影响,旋翼升力会以相同频率动态变化,并且存在相位滞后。结果表明,该测控系统成功实现了舰船运动时直升机着舰气动载荷与舰船姿态的同步测量,所获数据契合直升机空气动力学规律,完全满足试验要求,为直升机在机舰耦合复杂流场下的气动特性研究提供了关键技术支撑与数据依据。

     

    Abstract: When a ship is navigating on the sea, it will undergo six-degree-of-freedom motions in space, which can have adverse effects on the aerodynamic characteristics and handling performance of a helicopter during landing. To study the aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter landing in the ship-aircraft coupled flow field, a measurement and control system for wind tunnel experiments simulating ship-aircraft coupling characteristics was independently designed. This system can achieve the simulation of a ship's six-degree-of-freedom motion, the monitoring and acquisition of the load and rotational speed of a helicopter model, and the synchronous acquisition of the ship's attitude and the helicopter's load. Through experiments, data on the loads of the helicopter model and the ship's attitude under different working conditions were obtained. The results show that when the ship pitches and oscillates, due to the periodic change in the distance between the propeller disk and the ship's deck and the ground effect, the lift of the rotor changes dynamically at the same frequency and there is a phase lag. The results indicate that this measurement and control system has successfully achieved the synchronous measurement of the aerodynamic load of the helicopter during landing and the ship's attitude when the ship is in motion. The obtained data conforms to the laws of helicopter aerodynamics and fully meets the experimental requirements, providing crucial technical support and data basis for the research on the aerodynamic characteristics of helicopters in the complex ship-aircraft coupled flow field.

     

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