Simulation and fabrication of bionic sharkskin composite micro-nano wind resistance reduction structure
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摘要: 仿生学与减阻技术的结合，为减阻开辟了重要的研究方向，在航空航天领域有着潜在的发展与应用前景。为提升降低风阻效果，本文对复合微纳减风阻结构进行了研究，基于仿生学原理，采用CFD仿真以及激光微纳制造技术，建立了减阻结构组合模型，并在飞行器的大气传感器半球头体模型表面制造仿生鲨鱼皮复合微纳结构，即在仿生鲨鱼皮鳞片结构的基础上，通过激光干涉扫描二级微沟槽，以进一步提升减阻效果。采用仿真模拟与风洞实验相结合的方式，对减阻机理进行理论分析，完成了复合结构的微纳制造，减阻率最高可达10.3%。Abstract: The combination of bionics and drag reduction technology has opened up an important research direction in the field of drag reduction, and has made a significant breakthrough. For better implementation to reduce the wind resistance effect, this paper studies the composite micro-nano drag reduction structure, according to the principle of bionics, through CFD simulation combined with the laser micro-nano fabrication technology. A combined model of drag reduction structure wad established. The flight vehicle air sensor head surface with bionic sharkskin composite micro-nano structures was manufactured by laser interfernce scanning on the basis of the bionic sharkskin scale structures, to further improve the drag reduction performance. Through the parallel simulation and wind tunnel test, the drag reduction mechanism was theoretically analyzed, and the composite structures were manufactured with a drag reduction rate of up to 10.3%.
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Key words:
- shark skin scales /
- drag reduction /
- bionic microstructures /
- CFD flow field simulation
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图 2 鲨鱼皮鳞片与半球头体排布组合整体图
Figure 2. Overall view of the combination of sharkskin scales and hemispherical head arrangement
图 3 鲨鱼皮鳞片在半球头体表面的排布
Figure 3. The orientation of the scales on the surface of the hemispheric head
图 4 二级微沟槽结构及其在鲨鱼皮鳞片结构上的排布（截面图）
Figure 4. Secondary microgrooves and the arrangement of secondary microgrooves on sharkskin scales（cross-sectional view）
图 6 光滑半球头体风洞检测模型和覆盖仿生鲨鱼皮鳞片的半球头体风洞检测模型
Figure 6. Wind tunnel detection model of smooth hemispheric head and wind tunnel inspection models of hemispherical cephalic bodies covered with bionic sharkskin scales
图 8 光滑半球头体y=0处的速度矢量云图及局部放大图
Figure 8. The velocity vector cloud of the smooth hemispheric head at y=0 and an enlarged version
图 9 覆盖鲨鱼皮鳞片的半球头体y=0处的速度矢量云图及局部放大图
Figure 9. Velocity vector cloud image of hemispherical head covered by sharkskin structure at y=0 and an enlarged version
图 10 同一部份半球头体的压力云图
Figure 10. Pressure cloud images of the same part of hemispheric cephalic body
图 11 二级微沟槽区域气流速度矢量云图
Figure 11. Velocity vector cloud diagram of airflow in the element region of secondary groove
图 13 激光扫描仿生鲨鱼皮鳞片加激光干涉加工二级微沟槽
Figure 13. Laser scanning and laser interference processing secondary groove
表 1 实验模型参数
Table 1. Experimental model parameters
lc=ls h1=h2 Lx Ly Lz 400 µm 150 µm 350 mm 350 mm 260 mm 
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表 2 CFD仿真参数
Table 2. CFD simulation parameter
样品 风速/（km·h–1） 阻力/N C 减阻效率ΔC 光滑半球头体 150 1.499 0.413 － 覆盖鳞片半球头体 150 1.245 0.343 16.9% 光滑半球头体 160 1.731 0.419 － 覆盖鳞片半球头体 160 1.407 0.342 18.4%
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表 3 风洞实验参数表
Table 3. Parameters of wind tunnel experiment
样品 风速/（km·h–1） 阻力/N C 减阻效率
ΔC光滑表面样件A 150 1.386 0.3823 － 非光滑表面样件B 150 1.266 0.3491 8.7% 非光滑表面样件C 150 1.243 0.3430 10.3% 光滑表面样件A 160 1.565 0.3804 － 非光滑表面样件B 160 1.442 0.3504 7.9% 非光滑表面样件C 160 1.407 0.3419 10.1%
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