Experimental investigation on anti-icing mechanism and characteristics of superhydrophobic electrothermal coupled surface
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摘要: 作为一种新型防冰技术，超疏水电热复合表面防冰具有良好的防冰效果和较低的能量消耗。基于超疏水表面水滴撞击及润湿特性，依据结冰表面热平衡理论，发展了超疏水电热复合表面防冰热流密度预测模型。在结冰风洞中开展了圆柱模型超疏水电热复合表面防冰实验研究，结果表明，防冰热流密度理论计算值与实验值之间的差别小于6%，验证了该预测模型的准确性。实验结果与能耗分析表明：与传统电加热方法相比，超疏水电热复合表面防冰能够有效降低防冰能耗；在风速10 m/s、液态水含量1 g/m3、水滴平均体积直径65 μm、温度−15 ℃条件下，超疏水表面能够有效防止回流冰形成；对于干、湿表面防冰，超疏水电热复合表面防冰比传统电加热方法能够分别降低约43%和33%的防冰能耗。Abstract: As a novel anti-icing technology, superhydrophobic electrothermal coupled surface anti-icing possesses an excel-lent anti-icing efficiency with low energy consumption. Based on the water droplet impact behaviors and the wetting characteristics of the superhydrophobic surface, a prediction model of the heat flow density of superhydrophobic electrothermal coupled surface anti-icing is developed according to the thermal balance theory of the icing surface. The experimental analysis of the superhydrophobic electrothermal coupled surface anti-icing is carried out in a low-speed icing wind tunnel. The results show that the difference between the theoretical anti-icing heat flux and the experimental results is less than 6%, which verifies the prediction model. The analysis of the experimental results and energy consumption shows that the superhydrophobic electrothermal coupled surface anti-icing effectively reduces the energy consumption compared with the electrothermal method. With the freestream velocity of 10 m/s, liquid water content of 1 g/m3, mean volume diameter of 65 μm, and temperature of −15 ℃, the superhydrophobic coating can effectively prevent the formation of backwater due to its wetting property. For dry and wet surface anti-icing, the superhydrophobic electrothermal coupled surface anti-icing method reduces the energy consumption by about 43% and 33% respectively compared with the electrothermal method.
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Key words:
- electrothermal /
- superhydrophobic /
- ice wind tunnel experiments /
- anti-icing /
- low power
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图 2 结冰风洞中实验装置示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of experimental device in icing wind tunnel
图 6 水滴撞击不同润湿性表面的动态行为特征
Figure 6. Dynamic behavior characteristics of water droplets impacting surfaces with different wettabilities
图 7 水滴以喷雾形式撞击不同润湿特性的表面
Figure 7. Water droplets impinge on surfaces of different wetting characteristics in the form of spray
图 11 超疏水表面防冰实验模型后缘结冰情况
Figure 11. Freezing condition of the trailing edge of the superhydro-phobic anti-icing experimental model
图 13 超疏水电热复合表面防冰效果
Figure 13. Composite anti-icing effect of super hydrophobic electric heating
图 14 电热防冰实验温度分布
Figure 14. Temperature distributions of electrothermal anti-icing experi-ment
图 15 超疏水电热复合表面防冰实验温度分布
Figure 15. Temperature distributions of and superhydrophobic electro-thermal composite anti-icing experiment
表 1 结冰风洞基本性能参数
Table 1. Basic performance parameters of icing wind tunnel
参数 取值范围 实验段尺寸 700 mm（长）×304 mm（宽）×500 mm（高） 风速 5～18 m/s 温度 −25～30 ℃ 液态水含量 0.3～1.0 g/m3 水滴平均体积直径 10～100 μm 
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表 2 实验条件
Table 2. Experimental condition
风速/（m·s−1） 温度/℃ 液态水含量
/（g·m−3）水滴平均体积
直径/μm10 −15，25 1 65
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表 3 不同防冰方法及干/湿表面条件下所需热流密度
Table 3. Heat flux required under different anti-icing methods and dry/wet surface conditions
防冰方法及干/湿表面条件 热流密度/（W·m−2） 电热−干表面防冰 1923 电热−湿表面防冰 824 超疏水电热−干表面防冰 1099 超疏水电热−湿表面防冰 549 超疏水电热−干表面防冰（理论计算值） 1166.79
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