Two-dimensional distribution measurement of direct-connect scramjet combustion flow field based on TDLAS multi-absorption lines
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摘要: 针对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室扩张段非均匀流场温度和水汽浓度二维分布高分辨率测量需求，发展了先进的可调谐激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）燃烧场分布重建技术，通过增加激光测量光路上扫描获得的水汽吸收谱线数目，实现场分布重建问题求解方程数量的增加，联立所有交叉光路下吸收光谱获得的吸光度方程，构建以温度和浓度为未知数的最优化目标函数，利用全局寻优模拟退火算法对目标函数进行求解，实现温度场和水汽分压场的重建。发动机直连台架试验中，采用正交光路布局，设计共16条测量光路（水平5条、垂直11条）的方形光机结构，集成TDLAS测量系统。对5只DFB激光器采用分时直接吸收探测方式，测量频率4 kHz，每条测量光路下可扫描获得5条水汽吸收谱线（7467.77、7444.36、7185.60、7179.75和6807.83 cm），系统在高温炉上开展了多温度台阶标定测试，温度测量偏差在2.7%以内。外场试验中，对16条光路下同步采集到的吸收光谱数据进行离线处理，获得了发动机燃油点火、燃烧、熄火各个状态下的温度场和水汽分压场分布数据。试验结果表明：TDLAS多线吸收测量技术能够实现场分布准确稳定测量，满足发动机复杂燃烧流场诊断和恶劣工况工程应用需求。Abstract: Aiming at the demand of two-dimensional distribution high-resolution measurement of temperature and water vapor concentration in non-uniform scramjet combustion chamber expansion section, advanced tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) reconstruction method has been developed. By increasing the number of water vapor absorption lines obtained by scanning the laser wavelength, the number of equations for solving the reconstruction problem correspondingly increased, combining the absorbance equations of all absorption spectra under all laser paths, constructing the optimization objective function with temperature and concentration as unknowns, and using the global optimization simulated annealing algorithm to reconstruct the temperature and water vapor concentration distribution. In the direct-connect scramjet combustion test, the orthogonal optical path layout is adopted, and the square optical mechanical structure with 16 measuring optical paths of 5 horizontal and 11 vertical channels is designed. TDLAS measurement system is assembled, and the time division multiplexed direct absorption detection method is adopted for 5 DFB lasers, with the measurement frequency of 4 kHz. Five water vapor absorption spectral lines (7467.77、7444.36、7185.60、7179.75 and 6807.83 cm) can be obtained at each measured optical path, the system has carried out thermometric validation by using high-temperature furnace on the laboratory, and the temperature measurement deviation is within 2.7%. In the test, the absorption spectrum data synchronously collected under 16 optical paths are processed offline, and the distribution data of temperature field and water vapor partial pressure under various states of ignition, combustion and flameout are obtained. The test results show that TDLAS multi-absorption measurement technology can realize accurate and stable reconstruction, and meet the engineering application requirements of complex combustion flow field diagnosis and bad working conditions.
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图 1 高温炉温度测量标定结果
Figure 1. Measured results of temperature based on high-temperature furnace
图 2 发动机燃烧场二维分布TDLAS测量示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of two-dimensional distribution measurement in engine combustion field by TDLAS technique
图 3 直接吸收光谱信号与标准具干涉信号
Figure 3. Direct absorption spectral signal and interference signal
图 4 发动机燃烧室扩张段多路线平均温度测量结果
Figure 4. Light 0f sight average temperature measurement results of engine combustion chamber expansion segment
图 5 680 ms时燃烧室扩展段的温度分布
Figure 5. Temperature distribution of the combustion chamber expansion section in the 680 ms moment
图 6 680 ms时燃烧室扩展段第的水汽分压分布
Figure 6. H2O partial pressure distribution of the combustion chamber expansion section in the 680 ms moment
图 7 燃烧室扩展段第1000 ms的温度分布
Figure 7. Temperature distribution of the combustion chamber expansion section in the 1000 ms moment
图 8 燃烧室扩展段第1000 ms的水汽分压分布
Figure 8. H2O partial pressure distribution of the combustion chamber expansion section in the 1000 ms moment
图 9 燃烧室扩展段第1400 ms的温度分布
Figure 9. Temperature distribution of the combustion chamber expansion section in the 1400 ms moment
图 10 燃烧室扩展段第1400 ms的水汽分压分布
Figure 10. H2O partial pressure distribution of the combustion chamber expansion section in the 1400 ms moment
表 1 筛选的水汽吸收谱线光谱参数
Table 1. Selected water vapor absorption spectral parameters
$ \lambda $/nm $ {v}_{0} $/cm−1 ${E}{{'}{'} }$/cm−1 $ {S}_{vi} $（296 k）
（HITRAN）
/（cm−1atm−1）$ {S}_{vi} $（296 k）
（Measured）
/（cm−1atm−1）1339 7467.77 2551.48 1.27e−5 1.093e−5 1343 7444.36 1790.71 1.16e−3 1.100e−3 1392 7185.60 1045.06 1.97e−2 1.905e−2 1393 7179.75 1216.19 5.97e−3 5.814e−3 1469 6807.83 3319.45 6.17e−7 6.032e−7 
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