Simulation and experimental study of inlet heating simulator for a turbofan engine
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摘要: 由于现有进气加温试验装置温场条件不能满足某型发动机的指标要求，因此开展了新型进气加温装置结构设计、测试方案、温场评估方法及加温条件下稳态与过渡态的试验方案等研究，确保发动机进口温场满足要求。本文基于某型发动机4种进气条件，以温场周向不均匀度为表征方法，进行进气加温模拟装置出口温场均匀性数值仿真分析，仿真结果表明新设计的试验装置温场周向不均匀度满足≯1%的指标要求。同时开展某型涡扇发动机与进气加温装置的多工况联合试验，稳态试验表明发动机最高转速下温场周向不均匀度为0.4395%，温场分布与仿真结果表现基本一致；过渡态试验结果表明进口温场不均匀度与发动机进口温度变化速率有关，不同发动机工况下进口温度调节方法是温场周向不均匀度满足要求的关键。仿真分析及联合试验结果表明，新设计的进气加温装置能够满足发动机多工况试验时对进口温场周向不均匀度的要求。Abstract: Since the temperature field conditions of the existing intake heating test device cannot meet the index requirements of a certain engine, the structural design, test scheme, temperature field evaluation method, and steady-state and transition state test scheme of the new intake heating device are carried out to ensure that the engine inlet temperature field meets the requirements. This paper makes a numerical simulation analysis of the temperature field uniformity using four engine inlet conditions and using the circumferential non-uniformity method. The simulation results show that the circumferential non-uniformity of the temperature field ≯1%. At the same time, the combined tests of a turbofan engine and the intake heating device under multiple operating conditions were carried out. The steady-state tests show that the circumferential non-uniformity of the temperature field at the highest engine speed was 0.4395%, and the temperature field distribution was consistent with the simulation results. The results of the transition state test show that the inlet temperature field unevenness is related to the engine inlet temperature change rate, and the inlet temperature regulation method is the key to meet the requirements of temperature field circumferential unevenness under different engine working conditions. The results of simulation analysis and joint test show that the newly designed inlet heating device can meet the requirements of circumferential unevenness of the inlet temperature field in the multi-condition engine test.
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图 5 测量截面和测试耙布局示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of measurement section and test rake layout
图 13 发动机进口温场
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ 变化曲线Figure 13.
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ change curve of engine inlet temperature field
图 15
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ 最大时温度场云图Figure 15. Temperature field nephogram at
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ maximum
图 16 进口温场T_r_av周向分布
Figure 16. Circumferential distribution of inlet temperature field T_r_av
图 17 发动机进口温
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ 场随T1升高的变化曲线Figure 17. Variation curve of engine inlet temperature field
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ with T1 increase
图 19
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ 最大时温度场云图Figure 19. Temperature field nephogram at
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ maximum
图 20 发动机进口温场T_r_av周向分布
Figure 20. Circumferential distribution of engine inlet temperature field T_r_av
图 21 发动机进口温场
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ 随T1升高变化曲线Figure 21. Variation curve of engine inlet temperature field
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ with T1 increase
图 22
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ 最大处温场云图Figure 22. Temperature field nephogram at
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ maximum
图 23 发动机进口温场T_r_av周向分布
Figure 23. Circumferential distribution of engine inlet temperature field T_r_av
图 24 进气温度与发动机状态同步降低时
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ 变化情况Figure 24. The change of
$\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$ when the intake air temperature decreases synchronously with the engine state表 1 进气加温试验测量参数表
Table 1. Measurement parameters of inlet heating test
参数符号 截面 单位 支和点 测量
精度时间常数 布置方式 Tw 稳压箱
总温℃ 12 × 8 ± 1℃ ≯0.1 s 周向均布，径向等环面 T1 进气道
总温℃ 8 × 8 ± 1℃ ≯0.1 s 周向均布，径向等环面 
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表 2 不同网格数量仿真计算对比
Table 2. Comparison of simulation calculation with different grid numbers
发动机状态 网格总数（个） $\Delta \bar{T}_{{\rm{2max}}}/\%$ n1cor = 81.8% 3600575 0.6714 W1 = 67.61% 4207864 0.4992 T1 = 100% 4986632 0.4796
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表 3 发动机不同状态点进口流量和温度
Table 3. Inlet flow and temperature at different engine state points
n1cor/% W1/% T1/% 相对压力/% 81.8 67.61 100 99.26 86.8 83.58 88.94 97.43 88.1 88.02 86.28 96.38 90.7 97.92 80.53 94.57
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表 4 仿真计算结果
Table 4. Simulation results
n1cor/% $\Delta {T}_{{\rm{1max}}}$% $T_{{\rm{2{FAV} }}}$% $\Delta \bar{T}_{{\rm{2max}}}$/% 81.8 100.6 99.78 0.483 86.8 89.38 88.63 0.691 88.1 87.01 85.73 0.831 90.7 81.92 80.02 0.983
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表 5 不同截面温场周向不均匀度仿真结果
Table 5. Simulation results of different sections
n1cor(%) 距掺混器
出口6 m (%)距掺混器
出口13 m (%)发动机
进口(%)81.8 2.75 1.07 0.483 86.8 1.92 1.21 0.691 88.1 3.61 2.22 0.831 90.7 2.82 1.90 0.983
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表 6 试验温场计算结果
Table 6. Temperature field calculation results
n1cor/% $\Delta T_1 $/% $\delta T_{{\rm{2FAV}}}$/% $\Delta \bar{T}_{2}$/% $\theta^{+}$/（°） 84.26 98.6 4.58 0.3501 233 85.07 97.7 3.16 0.3518 245 86.82 89.38 1.94 0.3740 185 89.02 87.01 1.75 0.4294 198 90.2 82.01 1.76 0. 4395 200
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