Propagation characteristics of dynamic feature in transonic cavity shear layer
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摘要: 开式空腔流动发生时剪切层内旋涡运动与腔内前传声波相互作用，引发空腔自持振荡现象。针对长深比为7的开式空腔，通过脉动压力测试技术，在马赫数0.9来流条件下开展腔内剪切层动态特征试验研究，综合利用频谱分析和互相关分析手段，揭示了剪切层动态特征的发展机制及模态噪声的传播规律。结果表明：剪切层内单调增大的宽频噪声和类余弦分布的模态噪声相互叠加，致使剪切层整体动态特征呈波浪上升发展；模态噪声逆流向上行传播，其速度同样呈类余弦分布，变化趋势与模态噪声幅值保持一致，结合Rossiter模态预估理论发现同频率的上行模态声波与下行旋涡相互作用了产生了类驻波现象，导致模态噪声功率谱密度和传播速度沿流向周期性变化。Abstract: In the shear layer of the open cavity flow, the vortex interacts with the pre-transmission sound wave, causing self-sustaining oscillation. For a cavity model with a length-to-depth ratio of 7, the dynamic characteristics of the shear layer in the cavity were tested under the incoming flow condition of Mach number 0.9 by the pulsating pressure measurement technology, and the propagation law of the modal noise in the shear layer is revealed by the spectrum analysis and cross-correlation analysis. The results show that the superposition of the monotonically increasing broadband noise and cosine-like modal noise in the shear layer causes the wave-rise characteristics of the overall dynamic of the shear layer. The modal noise propagates in the reverse flow direction, its velocity is also cosine-like, and the change trend is consistent with the modal noise amplitude. Combined with the Rossiter mode estimation theory, it is revealed that the interaction between modal sound waves and vortices of the same frequency produces a standing wave-like phenomenon, resulting in periodic changes in the power spectrum density and propagation velocity of the modal noise along the flow direction.
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Key words:
- cavity /
- transonic /
- shear layers /
- noise /
- propagation
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图 3 剪切层内静压和脉动压力系数分布
Figure 3. Distribution of static pressure and pulsating pressure coefficients in the shear layer
图 4 剪切层不同位置功率谱密度
Figure 4. Power spectral density at different locations within the shear layer
图 5 各噪声成分平均功率沿流向分布
Figure 5. The distribution of average noise power along the flow direction
图 6 模态噪声幅值沿流向分布
Figure 6. Distribution of modal noise amplitude along the flow direction
图 7 三阶模态噪声互相关函数曲线
Figure 7. The cross-correlation function curve of the third-order modal noise
图 8 模态成分噪声传播速度与功率谱密度幅值分布
Figure 8. Amplitude distribution of modal noise propagation velocity and power spectral density
图 9 三阶模态振荡产生机制示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the mechanism of third-order modal oscillation generation
表 1 试验和预测结果模态频率
Table 1. Experimental and predicted results of the modal frequency
二阶 三阶 四阶 试验结果（f） 223.39 Hz 395.51 Hz 549.32 Hz 试验结果（St） 0.601 1.065 1.479 Rossiter预估结果（St） 0.659 1.036 1.412 Heller预估结果（St） 0.634 0.997 1.36 
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表 2 互相关函数主瓣峰值位置
Table 2. The main lobe peak position of the cross-correlation function
R （#1,#2） （#2,#3） （#3,#4） （#4,#5） （#5,#6） （#6,#7） （#7,#8） （#8,#9） 信号滞后时间（ms） −0.9 −0.73 −0.53 −0.67 −0.77 −0.4 −1.13 −1.0 模态声波运动
速度0.30 0.37 0.51 0.40 0.35 0.67 0.24 0.27
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