Preliminary study on energy-saving layout for conventional hypersonic wind tunnel
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摘要: 为了适应高超声速飞行器发展的要求，常规高超声速风洞的建设规模向2m量级发展。但是，随着风洞尺寸的增加，风洞运行所耗费的能源剧增。如何在满足高超声速飞行器试验对风洞尺寸要求的条件下，节省风洞运行时的能量消耗，已成为常规高超声速风洞设计技术发展必须考虑的重要问题。针对这个问题，从常规高超声速风洞气动布局的角度进行了初步探索。首先总结了现有常规高超声速风洞的气动布局；在此基础上，对常规高超声速风洞的能量运行特点，以及不同布局中工作气体余热的处理情况进行了分析；然后结合常规高超声速风洞的运行特点，分析了风洞中可能采用的余热利用技术；最后，提出了一种基于余热利用的常规高超声速风洞布局方案，并对该方案中的关键问题进行了讨论。文中对于该方案的节能情况进行了分析，结果显示，该方案相对于已有的气动布局具有明显的节能效果。Abstract: With the development of hypersonic vehicles, the large-scale conventional hypersonic wind tunnel with nozzle exit diameter of 2m order of magnitude is required. However, the energy consumption of the exhausting working air also increases dramatically in the large-scale tunnel. How to save energy while the simulation conditions for the development of hypersonic vehicles are satisfied has become an important problem to be considered in the design of the conventional hypersonic wind tunnel. To solve this problem, the layout of the conventional hypersonic wind tunnel is optimized as follows:first, the aerodynamic layouts of the existing conventional hypersonic wind tunnels are summarized; second, the energy transformation in the conventional hypersonic wind tunnel during its operation is theoretically analyzed, and from the point of view of saving energy also analyzed are the methods used to deal with the exhausting working air in different layouts; third, the possible methods for utilizing the remainder energy of the exhausting working air are discussed; finally, an optimized layout for the large-scale conventional hypersonic wind tunnel is put forward, and the critical technologies to be used in the realization of the layout are discussed. The result of a simple calculation of saved energy in the optimized layout under a typical run condition shows its advantages in saving energy.
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Key words:
- hypersonic wind tunnel /
- aerodynamic layout /
- saving energy /
- hypersonic speed /
- hypersonic vehicle
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图 1 引射-暂冲式常规高超声速风洞气动布局
Figure 1. Injector type intermittent aerodynamic layout of conventional hypersonic wind tunnel
图 2 真空-暂冲式常规高超声速风洞气动布局
Figure 2. Vacuum type intermittent aerodynamic layout of conventional hypersonic wind tunnel
图 3 引射 & 真空-暂冲式常规高超声速风洞气动布局
Figure 3. Injector & vacuum type intermittent aerodynamic layout of conventional hypersonic wind tunnel
图 4 连续式常规高超声速风洞气动布局
Figure 4. Continuous aerodynamic layout of conventional hypersonic wind tunnel
图 5 暂冲-连续混合式常规高超声速风洞气动布局
Figure 5. Intermittent & continuous aerodynamic layout of conventional hypersonic wind tunnel
图 6 常规高超声速风洞运行中能量的变化过程
Figure 6. Energy change during operation of hypersonic wind tunnel
图 7 大尺度常规高超声速风洞的节能气动布局
Figure 7. Large scale energy-saving aerodynamic layout of conventional hypersonic wind tunnel
表 1 3种典型布局的热能损失位置及量级
Table 1. Location and magnitude of thermal losses in three typical layouts
沿程
损失排空
损失冷却
损失附加
损失暂冲-引射式 20% 80% 0 0 暂冲-真空式 20% 0 80% 5% 连续式 20% 0 80% 5% 
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