Compared study of performances of combined cycle engines
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摘要: 针对目前国内外不同的TBCC组合动力概念方案进行了性能对比研究，主要包括：涡轮/亚燃冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机、涡轮/引射冲压/双模超燃冲压组合发动机、射流预冷涡轮/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机和空气涡轮火箭/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机。通过发动机性能计算，获得了不同方案的高度、速度特性；基于马赫数6.5高超声速巡航飞行器相同的飞行任务和气动特性，计算比较了不同动力方案的飞行器航程、巡航距离和加速时间等性能参数。结果表明：涡轮/亚燃冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机在4种方案中比冲最高；在相同的翼载和起飞推重比下，涡轮/亚燃冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机具有最大的航程和巡航距离，但爬升加速时间最长；空气涡轮火箭/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机的航程和巡航距离最短，但加速性能较高，爬升加速时间最短。Abstract: Performances of different combined cycle engine concepts, including Turbine/Ramjet/Dual-mode Scramjet (TE/RJ/DMSJ), Turbine/Ejector Ramjet/Dual-mode Scramjet(TE/ERJ/DMSJ), Pre-cooled Turbine/Dual-mode Scramjet (PCTE/DMSJ) and Air-turbo-rocket/Dual-mode Scramjet (ATR/DMSJ), are studied. The altitude-velocity characteristics of the combined cycle engines are obtained. Based on the same mission and aerodynamic characteristics of a hypersonic vehicle capable of Ma 6.5 cruise, the range, cruise distance and acceleration time are calculated of the vehicle by using the different combined cycle engines. The results indicate that the TE/RJ/DMSJ has the highest specific impulse among the four kinds of engines. The vehicle has the longest range and acceleration time by using TE/RJ/DMSJ under the same thrust loading and wing loading and it has the shortest range and acceleration time by using ATR/DMSJ.
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图 7 涡轮/亚燃冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机推力特性
Figure 7. Thrust performances of Turbine/Ramjet/Dual-mode Scramjet
图 8 涡轮/亚燃冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机比冲特性
Figure 8. Specific impulse performances of Turbine/Ramjet/Dual-mode Scramjet
图 9 涡轮/引射冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机推力特性
Figure 9. Thrust performances of Turbine/Ejector Ramjet/Dual-mode Scramjet
图 10 涡轮/引射冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机比冲特性
Figure 10. Specific impulse performances of Turbine/Ejector Ramjet/Dual-mode Scramjet
图 11 射流预冷涡轮/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机推力特性
Figure 11. Thrust performances of Pre-cooled Turbine /Dual-mode Scramjet
图 12 射流预冷涡轮/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机比冲特性
Figure 12. Specific impulse performances of Pre-cooled Turbine /Dual-mode Scramjet
图 13 空气涡轮火箭/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机推力特性
Figure 13. Thrust performances of Air-turbo-rocket/ Dual-mode Scramjet
图 14 空气涡轮火箭/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机比冲特性
Figure 14. Specific impulse performances of Air-turbo-rocket/Dual-mode Scramjet
图 16 4种组合动力方案比冲对比
Figure 16. Specific impulse comparison of four different combined schemes
图 19 不同起飞推重比下的多种组合动力方案航程和巡航距离
Figure 19. The range and the cruise distance of different takeoff thrust-loading
图 20 不同起飞推重比下的多种组合动力方案爬升加速时间和跨声速时间
Figure 20. The climb and acceleration time and the transonic time of different takeoff thrust-loading
表 1 多种组合发动机工作状态及工作马赫数
Table 1. The modes of different combined cycle engines
No. Scheme of combined engine Mode of engine Mach number 1 TE/RJ/DMSJ Turbine 0~2.3 Ramjet 2.0~4.0 Dual-mode Scramjet 4.0~6.5 2 TE/ERJ/DMSJ Turbine 0~2.3 Ejector-mode of Ejector Ramjet 0.8~2.0 Ramjet-mode of Ejector Ramjet 2.0~4.0 Dual-mode Scramjet 4.0~6.5 3 PCTE/DMSJ Pre-cooled Turbine 0~3.5 Dual-mode Scramjet 3.5~6.5 4 ATR/DMSJ Air-turbine-rocket 0~3.5 Dual-mode Scramjet 3.5~6.5 
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表 2 发动机部分设计点热力循环参数
Table 2. Some thermodynamic cycle parameters of engines on design points
Thermodynamic cycle parameter of engine value Total temperature of Turbine inlet/K 1650 Total temperature of afterburner outlet/K 2050 Pre-cooled temperature of PCTE/K 420 Temperature of ATR gas generator outlet/K 1650 Equivalence ratio of RJ 0.95 Equivalence ratio of DMSJ 0.90 Ratio of total temperature of ERJ primary flow to static temperature of free flow 10 Ratio of total pressure of ERJ primary flow to static pressure of free flow 20
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表 3 组合动力方案性能对比的不同飞行马赫数和高度
Table 3. The flight conditions of different combined schemes
Parameter Value Ma 0 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 h/km 0 3 11 13 18 20 22 24 28
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表 4 高超声速飞行器的飞行轨迹
Table 4. The flight trajectories of hypersonic vehicle
Phase Initial Mach number Final Mach number Initial attitude/km Final attitude/km 1-2 0.00 0.29 0.0 0.0 2-3 0.29 0.80 0.0 0.5 3-4 0.80 0.90 0.5 11.0 4-5 0.90 1.20 11.0 11.0 5-6 1.20 2.00 11.0 13.0 6-7 2.00 2.30 13.0 14.8 7-8 2.30 2.50 14.8 15.7 8-9 2.50 3.00 15.7 18.1 9-10 3.00 3.50 18.1 20.1 10-11 3.50 4.00 20.1 21.9 11-12 4.00 4.50 21.9 23.5 12-13 4.50 5.00 23.5 24.8 13-14 5.00 5.50 24.8 26.0 14-15 5.50 6.00 26.0 27.2 15-16 6.00 6.50 27.2 28.2 16-17 6.50 6.50 28.2 28.2
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