Research on interference effect of super large cooling towers with two tower combinations under complex mountains
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摘要: 以中国西北地区已建成的210m世界最高冷却塔为例，采用风洞试验和CFD数值模拟两种方法，获得了考虑复杂山体（海拔接近冷却塔喉部高度，且距离塔体很近）双塔布置冷却塔表面流场信息和压力分布模式。在此基础上，对比分析考虑复杂山体和建筑干扰时冷却塔表面最大负压、基于极值负风压的干扰系数和平均风压分布特性，并针对最不利工况进行复杂山体和塔群之间的风致干扰机理研究。研究表明：采用风洞试验和数值模拟两种方法得到的冷却塔基于极值负风压的干扰系数分布规律一致，两者最大值相差8%；复杂山体对冷却塔群来流湍流和表面风压分布模式的影响显著，同时受到冷却塔和干扰建筑物之间"夹道效应"的影响，最不利工况下冷却塔基于极值负风压的干扰系数可达1.586，远大于没有复杂山体时的工程常见干扰系数。Abstract: Taking a domestic super large cooling tower which is the world's tallest (210m) as an example, the flow field information and pressure distribution patterns of two cooling tower combinations were obtained considering complex mountains (close to the cooling tower, the height of which is close to the cooling tower throat elevation) based on wind tunnel experiments and CFD numerical simulation methods. On this basis, maximum negative pressures, interference factors based on the extremum of the negative wind pressure and mean wind pressures were analyzed, and then the wind-induced interference mechanism between the mountain and the towers were studied under the most unfavorable conditions. Studies show that the distribution rules of interference factors of cooling towers based on the extremum of the negative wind pressure obtained by wind tunnel experiments and CFD numerical simulation methods, respectively, are the same, and the maximum interference factors obtained by the two methods are 8% different. Complex mountains have significant influence on the flow turbulence and wind pressure distribution patterns of cooling towers. Influenced by the "channel effect" between cooling towers and buildings, the interference factor based on the extremum of the negative wind pressure under the worst condition is up to 1.586, significantly greater than the common interference factors without complex mountains.
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图 5 单塔喉部断面风压分布结果及对比
Figure 5. Wind pressure distribution on throat section of single tower
图 6 单塔风压系数均值与均方差分布
Figure 6. Mean value and standard deviation distribution of wind pressure coefficient for single tower
图 7 双塔布置时塔A风压系数均值与均方差三维分布
Figure 7. Mean value and standard deviation distribution of wind pressure coefficient for tower A
图 8 双塔布置时塔B风压系数均值与均方差三维分布
Figure 8. Mean value and standard deviation distribution of wind pressure coefficient for tower B
图 11 试验结果与规范及实测结果对比
Figure 11. Comparison among experimental results, code and actual measurement results
图 12 不同风向角下塔A、塔B基于极值负风压的干扰系数分布曲线
Figure 12. Interference factor distribution based on the extremum of negative wind pressure of tower A and tower B under different wind direction angles
图 13 最不利风向角下塔A和塔B的升力系数、阻力系数分布
Figure 13. Lift coefficient and drag coefficient distribution of tower A and tower B at the most unfavorable wind directions
图 14 最不利风向角下塔A、塔B三维压力系数云图
Figure 14. Three-dimensional pressure coefficient contours of tower A and tower B at the most unfavorable wind directions
图 15 最不利风向角下塔A、塔B最大负压截面压力云图
Figure 15. Pressure contours on the biggest pressure sections of tower A and tower B at the most unfavorable wind directions
图 16 最不利工况下(247.5°风向角)塔A速度流场图
Figure 16. Velocity flow field of cooling tower A under the most disadvantage condition (247.5° wind direction condition)
图 17 最不利工况下(225°风向角)塔B速度流场图
Figure 17. Velocity flow field of cooling tower B under the most disadvantage condition (225° wind direction condition)
图 18 最不利风向角下塔A、塔B最大负压截面湍动能分布云图
Figure 18. Tubulence energy distribution on the biggest negative pressure sections of tower A and B at the most unfavorable wind directions
图 19 最不利风向角下塔A、塔B侧面湍动能分布云图
Figure 19. Turbulence energy distribution on the side of tower A and B at the most unfavorable wind directions
表 1 主要干扰建筑物高度汇总表(单位：m)
Table 1. Summary of main interference buildings' height (unit: m)
建筑物类别 烟囱 引风机室 送风机室 电除尘器 锅炉房 煤仓间 汽机房 建筑物1 210 33 52 36 88 55 35 建筑物2 240 66 97.5 95 36 
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表 2 单个冷却塔整体阻力系数特征值与规范及实测结果对比
Table 2. Comparison among characteristic values of drag coefficient of single tower, code values and measured results
名称 整体阻力系数特征值 均值 根方差 极值 单塔 0.408 0.120 0.708 规范 0.386 / / 西热曲线(实测结果) 0.426 / /
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表 3 不同风向角下塔A、塔B最大负压系数
Table 3. Maximum negative pressure coefficient of tower A and tower B under different wind direction angles
角度
/(°)最大负压系数 塔A 塔B 数值模拟 风洞试验 数值模拟 风洞试验 0 1.849 1.669 1.628 1.366 22.5 1.792 1.471 1.732 1.289 45.0 1.736 1.209 1.789 1.262 67.5 1.679 1.067 1.684 1.581 90.0 1.591 0.968 1.418 0.897 112.5 1.652 1.054 1.497 1.370 135.0 1.679 1.314 1.575 1.616 157.5 1.707 1.476 1.653 1.581 180.0 1.734 1.579 1.732 1.786 202.5 1.831 1.613 1.750 1.883 225.0 1.909 1.786 1.980 1.912 247.5 2.349 2.347 1.785 1.518 270.0 1.837 0.940 1.586 1.009 292.5 2.009 2.248 1.729 1.376 315.0 1.843 1.644 1.765 1.501 337.5 1.847 1.658 1.802 1.455
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表 4 国内电厂典型群塔组合最不利来流风向角下最大干扰系数汇总表
Table 4. Summary of maximal interference factors for combined towers under the worst condition in domestic factories
编号 冷却塔类别和高度 群塔组合 场地类别 风洞试验模型 干扰系数 干扰参数 1 湿冷塔(150m) 双塔 B类 1:200刚体测压 1.107 迎风面子午向轴力均值 2 湿冷塔(150m) 双塔 B类 1:500刚体测压 1.053 整体阻力系数均值 3 湿冷塔(150m) 双塔 B类 1:200刚体测压 1.192 最大负压均值 4 湿冷塔(177m) 双塔 A类 1:200刚体测压 1.226 整体阻力系数极值 5 湿冷塔(167m) 双塔 B类 1:200刚体测压 1.193 迎风面径向位移均值 6 湿冷塔(155m) 三塔 B类 1:200刚体测压 1.336 整体阻力系数均值 7 间冷塔(180m) 三塔 B类 1:250刚体测压 1.190 整体阻力系数均值 8 湿冷塔(150m) 四塔 B类 1:200刚体测压 1.254 整体阻力系数极值 9 湿冷塔(177m) 四塔 A类 1:200刚体测压 1.385 整体阻力系数极值 10 湿冷塔(184m) 八塔 B类 1:200刚体测压 1.444 整体阻力系数极值
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