Development of a six-component wind tunnel balance with lower interference on axial force measurement
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摘要: 针对目前风洞试验技术的发展对风洞天平测量精度的更高需求，研制一台六分量杆式高精度轴向力测量天平，应用新型轴向力测量元件结构形式，并采用有限元方法对其进行了优化和改进。轴向力结构设计采用将测量元件置于天平轴线上的"设计中心位置"的方式，并通过在测量梁上设置铰链以及轴向力测量梁的非对称设计，最终使各气动载荷分量对轴向力的干扰应变输出近乎为零，彻底解决了杆式应变天平轴向力的测量干扰问题。同时，该设计还改善了天平各分量载荷作用在轴向力测量梁上交错复杂的应力分布状态，提高了天平的长期稳定性。天平校准和标模试验结果表明，该天平轴向分量具有较高的测量精、准度，可满足现代风洞试验的高精度轴向力测量需求。Abstract: The demand of the higher measurement precision and accuracy of a strain-gauge balance is proposed with the development of the wind tunnel experiment, especially for the axial force measurement. A six-component wind tunnel balance with lower interference on axial force is developed in this paper, aiming to obtain a higher precision and accuracy on the axial force measurement. A promising new type of axial force component structure is developed and the finite element method (FEM) is employed to optimize the structure of the design. The axial component design, different from a traditional one, eliminates the interference strain output on axial component from the other aerodynamic forces by placing the axial component in the position of the balance design center with the balance axis just passing through it. In addition, the interference strain output is also eliminated by setting a rectangular "hinge" between the measurement beams of the axial component as well as making the measurement beams offset from the design center along the balance axis. Furthermore, the strain-stress condition of the strain-gauge of axial component performs more satisfying, which improves the stability and the lifetime of the balance. The results of balance calibration and the standard model test show that there is almost no interference on the axial force, and the balance has an approving high precision and accuracy on the axial force measurement, which can meet the high measurement requirement of the modern wind tunnel experiment.
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图 1 天平整体结构及轴向力元件示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the overall configuration of balance and axial force measuring element design
图 5 施加法向力(Y)设计载荷时轴向元件应变分布
Figure 5. Strain contour on the axial force measuring element while acting the normal force Y
图 6 施加法向力(Y)设计载荷时天平变形及轴向元件受力分析，Config_2
Figure 6. Deformation of the balance and the stress analysis of the axial force component, Config_2
图 7 施加法向力(Y)设计载荷时天平变形及轴向元件受力分析，Config_3
Figure 7. Deformation of the balance and the stress analysis of the axial force element, Config_3
图 12 ABCS-300型静校系统
Figure 12. Automatic body-axis calibration system (ABCS-300) of CAAA
表 1 天平设计载荷(单位：N，N·m)
Table 1. Design loads (unit: N, N·m)
My Z Mz Y Mx X 100 1500 200 3500 40 500 
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表 2 各分量对轴向力元件的应变干扰(单位：με)
Table 2. Interference strain output on axial component from the other aerodynamic forces (unit: με)
My Z Mz Y Mx Config_1 R1 0 0 6 200 0 R2 0 0 42 341 0 R3 0 0 -6 203 0 R4 0 0 -42 342 0 Config_2 R1 0 0 -2 -11 0 R2 0 0 23 52 0 R3 0 0 2 -11 0 R4 0 0 -23 51 0 Config_3 R1 0 0 -4 2 0 R2 0 0 4 6 0 R3 0 0 4 2 0 R4 0 0 -4 6 0
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表 3 天平各分量主应变及对轴向力的干扰应变(单位：με)
Table 3. Main strain output and interference strain on the axial component (unit: με)
My Z Mz Y Mx X 主应变 320 300 460 450 200 180 轴向干扰应变 0 0 4 4 0 -----
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表 4 轴向力(X)主输出、干扰输出及占比
Table 4. Main strain output and the interference output of X
My Z Mz Y Mx X 主/干扰输出(μV/V) 0.0001 0.0069 0.0002 0.0075 0.0002 0.3280 占比/% 0 2.1 0 2.2 0 ------
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表 5 天平校准综合加载误差和重复性误差
Table 5. The relative mean squared error and the precision by the static calibration
My Z Mz Y Mx X 综合加载误差/%FS 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.13 0.14 综合加载重复性/%FS 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.08
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表 6 8#标模在Ma=2.0时的重复性精度
Table 6. The repeatability precision of the 8# standard model, Ma=2.0
CMy CZ CMz CY CMx CX 重复性精度 0.0018 0.0020 0.0016 0.0016 0.0004 0.0012 指标* ------ ------ 0.0020 0.0040 ------ 0.0030
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