Design and processing of a continuous aero-elastic shell model of high-rise flexible structures
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摘要: 气弹模型制作是高柔结构风洞试验的关键点和难点。针对高柔结构，详细介绍了一种采用"开模、灌胶、再拆模"方式制作连续壳体气弹模型的方法：以石膏制作内模、有机玻璃雕刻外模，精确设计石膏内模和玻璃外模之间的缝隙尺寸，在缝隙内灌注DEVCON胶剂；胶剂固化后，拆模即制成连续气弹壳体模型。动力特性测试结果表明：该模型能够较为精确地模拟实际结构的质量、阻尼以及一、二阶振型和频率，能够再现典型的风致振动现象，证实了制作方法的可靠性。制作方法简便易行、造价低、精度高、通用性强，可为高层建筑、高柔烟囱、化工塔、电视塔、冷却塔等高柔结构的连续气弹壳体模型制作提供指导。Abstract: The wind tunnel test of the aero-elastic model is an accurate method to assess the wind effect on the high-flexible structures, and the model making is the key point during this process. A novel method to make the continuous aero-elastic shell model is proposed, and the main steps as well as key techniques of the model manufacture are discussed in detail. Firstly, the inner mold is made of gypsum, the outer mold is carved by organic glass, and the gap dimension between the inner and outer mold is precisely designed in this step. After that, the DEVCON glue is injected into the gap. Finally, the inner and outer mold is removed after the glue is cured, and then the aero-elastic model is done. Dynamic test results show that the mass, the damping ratio, the first two order mode shape and the frequency of the realistic structure could be simulated accurately. The making method of this article has the following advantages:low time-consuming, economic, high precision and good versatility. Moreover, this method can be used for the continuous aero-elastic model of high-rise buildings, high-rise flexible chimneys, chemical towers, TV towers, cooling towers and so on. So the making method proposed in this paper can be an important guideline for the similar structures.
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图 7 简化烟囱与实际烟囱平动振型坐标对比
Figure 7. Mode shape coordinates of simplified chimneys and actual chimneys
表 1 简化烟囱与实际烟囱的整体质量与频率
Table 1. Frequency and quality of simplified chimneys and actual chimneys
烟囱质量 一阶频率 二阶频率 实际烟囱 3.2×107 kg 0.26 Hz 1.16 Hz 简化烟囱 3.2×107 kg 0.26 Hz 1.30 Hz 误差 0.0% 0.0% 12.0% 
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表 2 气弹模型相似参数
Table 2. Similarity parameters of the aero-elastic model
实际结构 相似比值 气弹模型目标值 几何尺寸(高度) 300 m 1:250 1.20 m 质量 32.2×106 kg 1:2503 2.06 kg 一阶频率 0.26 Hz 100:1 26 Hz 二阶频率 1.16 Hz 100:1 116 Hz 位移 — 1:250 — 速度 — 1:2.5 — 加速度 — 40:1 —
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表 3 烟囱模型测试结果
Table 3. Test results of the chimney model
烟囱质量 一阶频率 二阶频率 阻尼 目标值 2.06 Kg 26 Hz 116 Hz 4.0% 烟囱模型 1.96 Kg 26 Hz 118 Hz 3.6% 误差 预留质量 0.0% 1.7% 可调节
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