Effects of the high temperature exhaust plume reaction on lateral jet interactions
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摘要: 在实验或计算中，通常采用冷喷流（或某种程度上的等效气体喷流，或无反应多组分混合气体喷流）开展侧喷干扰研究，这种处理方法在具有轨迹控制发动机的未来先进飞行器的设计中可能会产生问题。简要回顾了侧喷干扰气体模型对力和力矩影响的实验和计算研究成果，针对满足实际应用需求的大喷流动量比情形，开展了冷喷流、无反应气体喷流和反应气体喷流计算模型对典型锥-柱-裙外形的力、力矩以及侧喷干扰区域内气动加热峰值影响的研究。结果表明：无喷流条件下，反应对力和力矩的影响非常微小；开启喷流后，3种气体模型的法向力差异约4%~15%，力矩差异大于20%。冷喷流不能用于预测侧喷干扰峰值热流，反应气体喷流干扰峰值热流计算结果比无反应混合气体高13%。满足应用需求的大喷流动量比侧喷干扰的力学特性和峰值热流分布，均需开展复现高温燃气效应的实验验证。Abstract: A cold jet exhaust or a somewhat equivalent gas jet exhaust or a non-reacting gas mixture exhaust is usually adopted to study the jet interaction effects in experimental or computational work, but problems may arise in the design work of an advanced future vehicle using a divert thruster. Firstly the experimental and computational results in the available literatures about the influence of different gas models on the force and moment are reviewed. Then as a supplement study result, the forces and moments acting on the body, and the peak aerodynamic heating exerting on the lateral jet interaction areas by the cold jet exhaust plume, the non-reacting mixture jet exhaust plume and the reacting mixture exhaust plume models are presented for a typical cone-cylinder-flare body with a practical-use high momentum ratio divert jet. The calculated results show that when the lateral jet is turned off the chemical reactions have very limited influence on the forces and moments, but when the lateral jet is turned on the three different gas models give 4%~15% difference for normal forces and about 20% difference for interaction pitching moments. As the cold jet model can not be used to predict the aerodynamic heating property the chemical reaction effects on the peak aerodynamic heating exerting on the lateral jet interaction areas are studied by comparison between the non-reacting gas mixture model and the reacting gas mixture model, and 13% increase is found when considering the chemical effects. The lateral interaction mechanical property and peak heating results for the cone-cylinder-flare body with practical-use high-momentum ratio divert jet put forward a demand for experimental verification reproducing high temperature exhaust plume reaction effects.
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Key words:
- lateral jet interaction /
- cold jet /
- hot jet /
- high temperature gas
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图 4 喷口对侧物面压强与流线分布
Figure 4. Pressure and streamline distributions on wall opposite jet exit
图 5 冷喷流与高温反应喷流气体模型喷流干扰流线与压强分布对比
Figure 5. The lateral jet interaction pressure distributions for cold gas and reacting gas
图 6 冷喷流与高温反应喷流气体模型喷流干扰热流密度分布对比
Figure 6. Comparison of heating rate distribution under the lateral jet interference for cold gas and reacting gas
图 7 高温无反应喷流与反应喷流气体模型喷流干扰压强分布对比
Figure 7. Comparison of pressure distribution under the lateral jet interference for high temperature nonreacting gas and reacting gas
图 8 高温无反应与反应喷流气体模型喷流干扰热流密度分布对比
Figure 8. Comparison of heating rate distribution under the lateral jet inter-ference for high temperature nonreacting gas and reacting gas
表 1 高温燃气喷流参数
Table 1. High temperature jet parameters
参数 数值 出口马赫数 2.70 出口速度/(m·s-1) 2500 出口压强/MPa 0.10 驻室压强/MPa 4.00 出口温度/K 1700 驻室总温/K 3100 出口燃气比热比 1.26 出口密度/(kg·m3) 0.18 
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表 2 高温燃气喷流组分
Table 2. High temperature jet molecular species
组分 摩尔数/(mol·kg-1) CO 6.268 N2 14.947 H2 7.516 H2O 16.515 CO2 1.932 O2 0.011 N 0.000 NO 0.045 H 0.476 OH 0.333 O 0.013
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表 3 燃气反应速率参数(kf对应cm3、mol和s)
Table 3. Chemical reacting parameters (kf in dimensions of cm3, mol and s)
反应方程 Cf ηf Ta/K W影响 O2+W=2O+W 2.00×1021 -1.5 59 496 N:5 O:5 N2+W=2N+W 7.00×1021 -1.6 113 193 N:4.286 O:4.286 NO+W=N+O+W 5.00×1015 0 75 495 N:22 O:22 NO:22 NO+O=O2+N 8.40×1012 0 19 449 N2+O=NO+N 6.40×1017 -1.0 38 398 2H+W=H2+W 6.40×1017 -1.0 0 H2:2.0 H2O:6.0 H+OH+W=H2O+W 2.20×1022 -2.0 0 H2O:6.0 H+O+W=OH+W 6.00×1016 -0.6 0 H2O:5.0 OH+H2=H2O+H 2.20×1013 0 2593 H+O2=OH+O 2.20×1014 0 8459 O+H2=OH+H 1.80×1010 1.0 4481 2OH=H2O+O 6.30×1012 0 549 CO2+M=CO+O+M 3.14×1014 0 51 326 CO2+O=CO+O2 2.10×1013 0 27 800 OH+CO=CO2+H 2.12×1012 0 2631
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表 4 不同气体模型的气动特性对比
Table 4. Aerodynamic characteristics comparison between different gas models
α/(°) 开机状态 气体模型 CA Cn Cm AF Mi/(N·m) -4 GKI(轨控1) Cold gas 0.128 86 -0.153 48 -0.004 14 1.086 5 -552.10 -4 GKI(轨控1) No reaction 0.130 12 -0.149 44 -0.004 73 1.065 5 -601.20 -4 GKI(轨控1) Reaction 0.129 54 -0.155 40 -0.003 99 1.096 6 -539.10 -4 No reaction 0.137 86 -0.137 02 0.002 18 -4 Reaction 0.137 86 -0.137 06 0.002 21 0 GKI(轨控1) Cold gas 0.127 74 -0.032 84 0.000 78 1.173 0 67.06 0 GKI(轨控1) No reaction 0.129 08 -0.029 50 0.000 43 1.155 5 37.30 0 GKI(轨控1) Reaction 0.128 54 -0.034 94 0.001 36 1.184 0 117.14 0 No reaction 0.131 86 0 0 0 Reaction 0.131 88 -0.000 02 0.000 01 4 GKI(轨控1) Cold gas 0.137 80 0.093 96 0.002 12 1.227 1 376.32 4 GKI(轨控1) No reaction 0.138 28 0.097 72 0.001 87 1.207 1 352.70 4 GKI(轨控1) Reaction 0.138 54 0.091 58 0.003 02 1.239 7 454.92 4 No reaction 0.137 72 0.137 02 -0.002 18 4 Reaction 0.137 78 0.137 06 -0.002 21
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表 5 高温无反应和反应喷流气体模型峰值压强与热流密度对比
Table 5. Peak pressure and heating rate comparison between high temperature nonreacting gas and reacting gas
α/(°) pp/Pa qp/(kW·m-2) Reaction -4 5.510×104 4.150×103 有 -4 5.448×104 3.730×103 无 0 3.800×104 3.000×103 有 0 3.758×104 2.650×103 无 4 2.397×104 1.927×103 有 4 2.350×104 1.750×103 无
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