Research on heat flux calculation and correction methods of the slug calorimeter
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摘要: 为减小塞块量热计的热流测量误差，对其热流计算与修正方法开展了研究。根据能量守恒原理和传热理论，建立了隔热套结构塞块量热计的传热模型和计算方法；通过对塞块量热计传热模型的仿真分析，给出了温升率提取方法和计算误差的主要影响因素；提出了直接比对标定修正方法和基于标定的数值计算修正方法。仿真和试验结果表明：两种方法均能较大幅度减小塞块量热计的热流测量误差，使其误差控制在5%以内；直接比对标定修正方法的误差相对更小，但要求热流标定系统能覆盖被测热流范围；基于标定的数值计算修正方法对热流标定系统要求较低，适用范围更广。Abstract: Heat flux calculation and correction methods of slug calorimeter were studied in order to reduce measurement error of heat flux. Based on the energy conservation principle and the heat transfer theory, the heat transfer model and calculation method of slug calorimeter with insulating sleeve were built. By analyzing the simulation model of slug calorimeter, the method of extracting the temperature rise rate and the main factors affecting the calculation error were given. Finally the direct comparison calibration correction method and the numerical calculation correction method based on heat flux calibration were proposed. The simulation and test results show that the two methods can greatly reduce the heat flux measurement error. The measurement error of the direct comparison calibration correction method is relatively smaller but the method requires that the heat flux calibration system can cover the heat flux measurement range. While the numerical calculation correction method based on heat flux calibration has lower requirement on the heat flux calibration system and thus has a wilder application field.
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Key words:
- heat flux measurement /
- slug calorimeter /
- heat flux calibration /
- correction method
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图 4 塞块式量热计不同部位的温升曲线
Figure 4. Temperature rise curves of different parts in slug calorimeter
表 1 不同接触面的热阻值
Table 1. Thermal resistance of different contact surfaces
接触热阻 接触热阻估计值
/(10-3 m2·K·W-1)考察范围
/(10-3 m2·K·W-1)说明 R1, 4 10 1~100 光滑金属与小颗粒非金属接触，受力较小，接触热阻较大 R2, 3 1 0.1~10 光滑金属与光滑非金属接触，有一定受力，接触热阻较小 R5 10 1~100 光滑非金属与小颗粒非金属接触，受力小，接触热阻较大 R6
R70.1
0.10.01~10
0.01~10光滑金属与非金属接触，受力较大，接触热阻很小 R8 0.01 0.001~0.1 两种光滑金属接触，受力较大，接触热阻极小 
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表 2 不同时间段的热流及误差
Table 2. The heat flux and error in different time periods
序
号拟合时间段
/s未修正热流
/(MW·m-2)误差ε
/%热物性修正后的
热流/(MW·m-2)1 0.5~0.7 0.964 3.616 0.975 2 0.9~1.1 0.943 5.673 0.960 3 1.3~1.5 0.925 7.522 0.947 4 1.7~1.9 0.908 9.186 0.935 5 2.1~2.3 0.896 10.412 0.928 6 2.5~2.7 0.885 11.475 0.922
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表 3 不同热阻下的计算误差
Table 3. Calculation error under different thermal resistance condition
ε/% εR1, 4 εR2, 3 εR5 εR6 εR7 εR8 0.1 R 3.5 6.6 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 R 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 10 R 2.8 0.4 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9
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表 4 不同热流下的计算误差
Table 4. Calculation error with different heat flux
qin/(MW·m-2) 0.1 0.5 1.0 5.0 10.0 dTb/dt/(K·s-1) 4.1 20.2 40.1 192.5 372.8 qcal/(MW·m-2) 0.098 0.486 0.964 4.629 8.965 ε/% 1.4 2.8 3.6 7.4 10.3
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表 5 不同状态修正前后的误差对比
Table 5. Error comparison of different states before and after correction
编
号状态
编号qstd
/(MW·m-2)qcal
/(MW·m-2)ε
/%qcor
/(MW·m-2)ε′
/%1 0.889 0.869 2.2 0.889 0 2 1.222 1.177 3.7 1.217 0.4 1# 3 1.566 1.507 3.8 1.569 0.1 4 1.95 1.869 4.2 1.955 0.2 5 2.307 2.192 5.0 2.3 0.3
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表 6 不同塞块量热计修正前后的误差对比
Table 6. Error comparison of different slug calorimeters before and after correction
编号 标定曲线参数 εmax/% ε′max/% a b 1# －0.039 1.068 5.0 0.4 2# －0.004 1.094 8.9 0.8 3# －0.011 1.061 5.4 0.4 4# 0.021 1.056 7.8 1.3 5# －0.040 1.098 8.1 1.7
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表 7 接触热阻的求解过程
Table 7. Solution process of contact thermal resistance
迭代轮次 1 2 3 4 输入热流
/(MW·m-2)0.889 0.889 1.222 1.566 试验温升率
/(K·s-1)36.15 36.15 48.95 62.65 接触热阻值
/(10-3 m2·K·W-1)1.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 仿真温升率
/(K·s-1)35.69 36.03 49.29 62.88 温升率偏差/% 1.25 0.35 0.70 0.36
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表 8 入射热流的求解过程
Table 8. Solution process of incident heat flux
迭代轮次 1 2 3 1 2 试验温升率
/(K·s-1)77.70 77.70 77.70 91.15 91.15 仿真输入热流
/(MW·m-2)1.869 1.900 1.930 2.192 2.300 仿真温升率
/(K·s-1)74.70 75.90 77.10 87.29 91.46 温升率偏差
/%3.80 2.20 0.70 4.20 0.34
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