Free oscillation dynamic derivative test technology of a short-blunt shape vehicle
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摘要: 为研究短钝外形飞行器的动稳定特性，基于自由振动动导数试验方法在1.2 m量级亚跨超声速风洞中建立了动导数测量试验技术。通过新设计的弹性铰链和轴承铰链解决了短钝外形飞行器弹性支撑和低频振动模拟问题。利用新建立的试验装置研究了马赫数、迎角、减缩频率对动稳定特性的影响。在短钝外形飞行器气动力特点下，新设计的弹性铰链能够满足模型支撑和振动需要，轴承铰链的支撑方式可以在风洞中模拟接近实际减缩频率的振动。在亚跨超声速风洞中完成了某短钝外形飞行器俯仰动导数的测量，获取了俯仰动不稳定状态点，为此类飞行器的动稳定特性研究提供了试验基础。Abstract: In order to study the dynamic stability characteristics of the short-blunt shape vehicle, the free oscillation dynamic derivative test method is used to establish the dynamic derivative measurement test technology in the 1.2 m trisonic wind tunnel. The newly designed elastic hinges and bearing hinges solve the problem of elastic support and low-frequency oscillation simulation of the short-blunt shape vehicle, and the newly established test device is used to study the influence of the Mach number, angle of attack, reduced frequency, and shape on dynamic stability characteristics. The newly designed elastic hinge can meet the model support and oscillation requirement under the aerodynamic characteristic condition of the short-blunt shape vehicle in the wind tunnel, and the bearing hinge support can simulate the oscillation frequency close to the actual reduced frequency in the wind tunnel. In the trisonic wind tunnel, the measurement of the pitch derivative of a short-blunt shaped vehicle was completed, and the unstable state points of the pitching were obtained, which provides experimental support for future research on the dynamic stability characteristics of this type of vehicle.
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图 1 自由振动动导数试验原理图
Figure 1. Principal diagram of free oscillation dynamic derivative test
图 7 轴承铰链低频振动信号模拟
Figure 7. Simulation of low frequency oscillation signal of bearing hinge
图 9 三坐标测量仪和系列锥套
Figure 9. Three coordinate measuring instrument and series cone sleeve
图 12 典型俯仰振动发散曲线和收敛曲线
Figure 12. Typical pitch oscillation divergence curve and convergence curve
图 13 典型俯仰动稳定导数试验结果
Figure 13. Test results of typical pitch dynamic stability derivative
图 14 减缩频率对俯仰动导数的影响
Figure 14. The effect of reducing frequency on pitch dynamic derivative
表 1 典型的短钝外形模型风洞试验载荷
Table 1. Typical wind tunnel test load of short-blunt shape model
单元 轴向力
X/N法向力
Y/N俯仰力矩
Mz / (N·m)最大载荷 3000 100 6 
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表 2 不同梁厚度下的刚度、应力、变形角
Table 2. Stiffness, stress and deformation angle under different beam thickness
梁厚度/
mm刚度/
（N·m·rad–1）最大应力/
MPa最大理论变形角/（°） δ 16.06 2317.0 21.69 δ+0.25 30.64 1608.0 11.29 δ+0.50 54.46 1158.0 6.68 δ+0.75 77.48 917.4 4.44 δ+1.00 110.99 650.7 2.92 δ+1.25 221.56 434.4 1.55
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表 3 三次重复性试验结果
Table 3. Results of three repeated tests
试验理论迎角 0° 2° 5° 8° 10° Test 1 –0.3936 –0.3355 –0.3936 –0.4126 –0.5197 Test 2 –0.3415 –0.3768 –0.4115 –0.3575 –0.5685 Test 3 –0.3858 –0.3526 –0.3795 –0.3988 –0.5865 均值 –0.3736 –0.3550 –0.3949 –0.3896 –0.5582 标准差 0.0281 0.0208 0.0160 0.0287 0.0346
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