Research of dynamic characteristics of maglev train under typical aerodynamic loads
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摘要: 研究强气动荷载作用下磁浮列车的动力学特性对磁浮列车的悬浮稳定设计有重要意义。本文基于简化的TR08型磁浮列车，采用滑移网格方法，研究了明线单车运行和会车场景下作用在列车上的瞬态气动荷载特性、气动荷载振荡的来源及气动荷载作用下列车的动力学特性。结果表明：TR08型磁浮列车受到的气动荷载随速度的增大而增大，总体呈现尾车 > 头车 > 中车的规律。俯仰力矩在气动荷载中占主导地位，是影响列车安全运行最重要的因素。列车气动荷载振荡主要由下部结构引起，与上/下部结构相比，单节列车俯仰力矩的峰值出现了迟滞现象，偏航力矩则无此现象。单车以600 km/h的速度运行时，悬浮磁铁间隙波动的幅值将超过安全极限；以600 km/h的速度交会时，将发生失稳。本文的结论可为磁浮列车的稳定设计提供参考。Abstract: This study researched the dynamic characteristics of the TR08 maglev train under strong aerodynamic loads using the sliding grid method. The research investigated the transient aerodynamic load characteristics during open-track single-vehicle operation and meeting scenarios, identified the sources of aerodynamic load oscillation and the train's dynamic characteristics under these loads. Results show that the aerodynamic load of the TR08 maglev train increases with speed, and the pattern is tail train > head train > middle train. The lifting moment is critical for the safe operation of train, and substructure primarily causes load oscillation. The peak value of the pitching moment for a single-segment train shows a hysteresis phenomenon, which is absent in the yawing moment. When single train runs at 600 km/h suspension magnet gap fluctuation exceed safe limits, while when trains meet at 600 km/h instability occurs. This study provides insights into the sources of load oscillation and the train's dynamic characteristics.
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Key words:
- high-speed maglev train /
- sliding mesh method /
- aerodynamic loading /
- dynamics characteristic /
- TR08 /
- vehicles meeting
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图 4 粗网格和细网格计算的气动升力比较
Figure 4. Comparison of the lift force of coarse mesh and fine mesh
图 12 单车运行气动力和气动力矩的时均值
Figure 12. Time-averaged values of the aerodynamic forces and moments of single maglev train
图 15 单节列车上部结构和下部结构俯仰力矩
Figure 15. Pitching moment of upper and lower part of each carriage
图 16 单节列车上部结构和下部结构偏航力矩
Figure 16. Yawing moment of upper and lower part of each carriage
图 24 单车运行时悬浮磁铁间隙波动幅值
Figure 24. Suspension magnet gap fluctuation amplitude(train running)
图 25 会车时悬浮磁铁间隙波动幅值
Figure 25. Suspension magnet gap fluctuation amplitude(train meeting)
表 1 数值模拟与实车实验压力对比
Table 1. Comparison of pressure
数值模拟结果/Pa 实车实验结果/Pa 相对误差 ΔpL 4834 4757 1.62% ppass 330 324 1.85% ΔpT 3804 3955 3.82% 
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表 2 单车运行气动力和气动力矩时均值
Table 2. Time-averaged values of single maglev train
速度/(km·h−1) 阻力/kN 侧向力/kN 升力/kN 滚动力矩/(kN·m) 俯仰力矩/(kN·m) 偏航力矩/(kN·m) 头车 300 −4.16 0.31 7.15 −0.57 −44.88 −1.22 400 −7.61 0.64 12.24 −1.04 −76.88 −1.36 500 −12.66 1.03 20.29 −1.79 −141.97 −2.26 600 −19.62 1.60 30.33 −3.04 −222.58 −2.45 中车 300 −1.48 0.02 0.23 0.06 1.30 0.08 400 −2.54 0.03 0.49 0.11 1.70 0.52 500 −3.90 0.04 0.88 0.14 3.92 1.07 600 −5.51 0.04 1.36 0.15 6.09 2.05 尾车 300 −8.36 0.42 27.89 0.40 310.44 −1.45 400 −14.78 0.55 47.86 0.82 535.17 −0.93 500 −23.63 1.13 74.08 1.52 830.92 −5.63 600 −34.13 1.87 100.04 2.02 1124.26 −12.23
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表 3 磁浮架上部件的参数
Table 3. Parameters of components of the maglev frame
磁浮架上的部件 参数 A型空气弹簧 水平刚度：1.1 × 105 N/m
横向刚度：1.1 × 105 N/m
垂向刚度：1.9 × 105 N/mB型空气弹簧 水平刚度：1.2 × 105 N/m
横向刚度：1.2 × 105 N/m
垂向刚度：1.9 × 105 N/m摇臂间的扭转元件 横向刚度：1.0 × 106 N/m
垂向刚度：2.0 × 105 N/m
垂向阻尼：5.0 × 105 N·s/m横向止挡弹簧 横向刚度：2.2 × 104 N/m
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