Research on localization of noise sources in boundary layer transition at the bow of underwater vehicle
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摘要: 水下航行体首部边界层转捩区是导流罩自噪声的主要来源之一。为研究水下航行体首部边界层转捩区的噪声特性及声源位置，本文采用缩比SUBOFF模型在高速水洞中开展了试验研究。水洞试验段来流速度3～7 m/s，基于模型长度的雷诺数为107量级，首部表面布置14支脉动压力传感器，测量了首部层流边界层、转捩和湍流边界层的脉动压力场。为定位声源位置，采用传声器阵列进行了水下航行体首部主要噪声源的三维声源定位，定位方法为基于小波变换的函数波束形成方法。试验结果表明：随着来流速度增大，首部边界层转捩起始位置不断向前移动，同时脉动压力频谱中的中频分量显著增加。声源定位结果表明：水下航行体首部主要噪声源呈三维环形分布，且声源所在流向位置与边界层转捩区位置基本重合，研究结果表明边界层转捩区是水下航行体首部的主要噪声源。Abstract: The boundary layer transition at the bow of an underwater vehicle (UV) is one of the major sources of the fairing self-noise. To study the noise characteristics of the boundary layer transition at the bow of UV and the sound source locations, a scaled SUBOFF model was adopted for the experimental study in a high-speed water tunnel. The inflow velocity of the water tunnel test section was 3 – 7 m/s, and the Reynolds number based on the model length was about 107. In addition, fourteen dynamic pressure sensors were arranged on the bow surface to measure the fluctuating pressure field within the region of laminar, transition and turbulent boundary layers. A phased microphone array was employed to locate the three-dimensional sound source at the bow of SUBOFF. The localization method adopts a functional beamforming method based on time-frequency transformation. The experimental results demonstrate that the transition position of the bow boundary layer moves forward synchronously with the increase of the incoming flow speed. Meanwhile, the amplitude of the mid-frequency component of the fluctuating pressure spectrum significantly rise. Furthermore, the results of sound source location show that the three-dimensional sound source presents a ring shape, and the streamwise position of the sound source almost coincides with the transition position of the boundary layer. This indicates that the transition region of the boundary layer is the main noise source in the bow region of the underwater vehicle.
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图 3 来流速度6.5 m/s时的脉动压力时域信号
Figure 3. Time domain pressure signals of different wall pressure sensors at a flow velocity of 6.5 m/s
图 4 不同来流速度下的脉动压力均方根对比
Figure 4. Comparison of root mean square of fluctuating pressure under different inflow velocities
图 5 来流速度1.5 m/s时首部边界层脉动压力频谱沿流向变化趋势
Figure 5. Tendency of fluctuating pressure spectra on the underwater vehicle at the flow velocity of 1.5 m/s
图 6 来流速度1.5 m/s时首部边界层脉动压力频谱对比
Figure 6. Comparison of fluctuating pressure spectra on the underwater vehicle at the flow velocity of 1.5 m/s
图 7 来流速度3.2 m/s时首部边界层脉动压力频谱沿流向变化趋势
Figure 7. Comparison of fluctuating pressure spectra on the underwater vehicle at the flow velocity of 3.2 m/s
图 8 来流速度3.2 m/s时首部边界层脉动压力频谱对比
Figure 8. Tendency of fluctuating pressure spectra on the underwater vehicle at the flow velocity of 3.2 m/s
图 9 不同流速下首部边界层转捩起始位置对比
Figure 9. Comparison of fluctuating pressure spectra on the underwater vehicle at different flow velocities
图 10 不同流速下首部边界层脉动压力频谱对比
Figure 10. Comparison of fluctuating pressure spectra on the under-water vehicle at different flow velocities
图 11 来流速度1.0 m/s时MIC 8处的局部间歇度量
Figure 11. LIM computed from a segment of a pressure signal taken at 1.0 m/s and MIC 8
图 12 来流速度1.0 m/s、声源频率100 Hz时的声源分布
Figure 12. The source distribution at 100 Hz with flow velocity of 1.0 m/s
图 13 来流速度4.0 m/s、声源频率400 Hz时的声源分布
Figure 13. The source distribution at 400 Hz with the flow velocity of 4.0 m/s
图 14 来流速度6.5 m/s、声源频率650 Hz时的声源分布
Figure 14. The source distribution at 650 Hz with the flow velocity of 6.5 m/s
表 1 脉动压力传感器流向位置
Table 1. The streamwise position of the pressure sensors
传感器 流向位置x/mm 传感器 流向位置x/mm MIC 1 0 MIC 8 250 MIC 2 50 MIC 9 300 MIC 3 100 MIC 10 350 MIC 4 150 MIC 11 400 MIC 5 175 MIC 12 508 MIC 6 200 MIC 13 600 MIC 7 225 MIC 14 700 
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