The dynamic calibration method of PSP and its characteristics research considering the influence of temperature
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摘要: 快响应压敏涂料( Pressure-Sensitive Paint, PSP)的动态特性及温度对其影响规律是决定快响应PSP是否适用于非定常流场的关键依据。本文提出了快响应PSP动态校准方法，采用能够调节温度和频率的动态校准系统建立可控校准驻波场，系统开展了温度对所研制的聚合物陶瓷压敏涂料(Polymer Ceramic Pressure-Sensitive Paint, PC-PSP)压力灵敏度和频响特性的影响研究。动态校准比静态校准能够更为准确地反映快响应涂料的特性。频率变化对PC-PSP压力灵敏度有显著影响；温度对PC-PSP压力灵敏度的影响不明显，但在测量中不可忽视PSP的温度敏感度。同一温度下，随着频率增大，增益减小，相位滞后现象逐渐增强；不同温度下，随着温度升高，截止频率增大，相位滞后现象逐渐减弱。所测试的PC-PSP在20 ℃、0.5 kHz下的动态压力灵敏度为0.59%/kPa，在20 ℃、3.0 kHz下动态压力灵敏度为0.51%/kPa，截止频率为4.8 kHz，性能稳定，满足低速风洞非定常试验的工程要求。Abstract: The dynamic characteristics and temperature effects of fast-response pressure-sensitive paint are the key factors for determining whether it is applicable to unsteady flow fields. This paper proposes a method for dynamic calibration of fast-response PSP (Pressure-Sensitive Paint), establishes a controllable calibration standing wave field through a dynamic calibration system that can adjust the temperature and frequency, and researches on the influence of temperature on pressure sensitivity and frequency response characteristics of the developed PC-PSP (Polymer Ceramic Pressure-Sensitive Paint). Dynamic calibration reflects the PSP characteris-tics more accurately than static calibration. Frequency changes have a significant effect on the pressure sensitivity of PC-PSP, and the influence of temperature on the pressure sensitivity of PC-PSP is not significant, while the temperature sensitivity of PC-PSP cannot be ignored in measure-ment. At the same temperature, the gain decreases and the phase lags behind as the frequency increases. At different temperatures, with the increase of the temperature, the cut-off frequency increases, and the phase lag gradually weakens. The dynamic pressure sensitivity at 20 ℃ and 0.5 kHz is 0.59%/kPa, and at 20 ℃ and 3 kHz is 0.51%/kPa, with the cut-off frequency being 4.8 kHz. Therefore, the performance of the tested PC-PSP is stable and meets the engineering requirements for unsteady flow field pressure measurement tests in low-speed wind tunnels.
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图 6 f = 5 kHz时驻波管内压力波动分布图
Figure 6. Pressure fluctuation distribution chart of standing wave tube at f = 5 kHz
图 8 压力传感器原始信号及带通滤波结果
Figure 8. Original signal and filtering result of pressure sensor
图 11 PC-PSP样片在不同温度下的动态校准曲线
Figure 11. Dynamic temperature calibration curves of PC-PSP samples at different temperatures
图 13 PC-PSP样片在不同温度下的测量结果
Figure 13. Measurement results of PC-PSP samples at different temperatures
图 14 不同温度下PC-PSP样片的频响特性
Figure 14. Frequency response characteristics of PC-PSP samples at different temperatures
表 1 校准系统压力–频率表
Table 1. Pressure-frequency table of calibration system
工作频率/kHz 压力/kPa 工作频率/kHz 压力/kPa 0.5 3.647 15 0.242 1.5 5.198 20 0.191 5 2.926 30 0.137 10 1.450 40 0.078 
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表 2 PC-PSP样片变温压力灵敏度表
Table 2. Pressure sensitivity table of PC-PSP sample with changing temperature
温度/℃ Sp-0.5/（%·kPa−1） Sp-3/（%·kPa−1） 1−Sp-3/Sp-0.5 10 0.57 0.44 22.8% 20 0.59 0.51 13.6% 30 0.57 0.50 12.3% 40 0.58 0.52 10.3%
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