微射流阵列吹气对湍流边界层减阻效果及机理的实验研究

Study on the effect and mechanism of blowing drag reduction by micro-jet arrays in turbulent boundary layers

  • 摘要: 为降低高速飞行器、列车等交通工具的湍流摩擦阻力,通过实验方法研究了微射流阵列参数对高雷诺数湍流边界层定常吹气减阻效果的影响。实验在回流式风洞中进行,基于0.3mm缝宽、3mm板厚的平板激励器,设计测试了不同孔隙率(5%~15%)和狭缝倾斜角度(0°, 30°, 45°, 60°)的激励器,并采用高精度气浮式测力天平测量壁面摩擦阻力。实验工况基于摩擦雷诺数3340 < Re_\tau < 5480,对应动量雷诺数8674 < Re_\theta < 15102。结果表明:狭缝结构本身会导致激励器表面阻力增大,且增阻量随雷诺数增大而增加。定常吹气能显著降低壁面摩擦阻力,减阻效果主要取决于吹气强度,最大减阻率可达70%以上。狭缝角度对减阻效果影响显著,展向狭缝(0°)的减阻效果优于倾斜狭缝。在雷诺数 Re_\tau = 5480时,展向狭缝平板吹气得到了16.11%的最佳净节能率,对应的最优吹气强度为0.00375。研究还发现,最佳净节能率随雷诺数的增大而增大。本研究揭示了微射流阵列角度在吹气减阻和节能中的关键作用,为主动流动控制技术的工程应用提供了实验依据和优化方向。

     

    Abstract: In order to reduce the turbulent frictional drag of high-speed aircraft, trains and other transportation vehicles, this paper experimentally investigated the effect of microjet array parameters on the drag reduction effect and net energy saving of constant blowing in a turbulent boundary layer with high Reynolds number. The experiments were carried out in a reflux wind tunnel, based on a flat plate exciter with 0.3 mm slit width and 3 mm plate thickness, designed and tested with different porosities (5%-15%) and slit tilt angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°), and the wall friction resistance was measured by using a high-precision air-floating force balance. The experimental conditions were based on a friction Reynolds number of 3340 < Re_\tau < 5480, corresponding to a momentum Reynolds number of 8674 < Re_\theta < 15102. The results showed that the slit structure itself introduces surface drag enhancement, and the amount of drag enhancement increases with Reynolds number. Constant blowing significantly reduces the wall friction resistance, and the drag reduction mainly depends on the blowing intensity, with the maximum drag reduction rate reaching more than 70%. The slit angle had a significant influence on the drag reduction effect, and the drag reduction effect of the spreading slit (0°) was better than that of the inclined slit. The optimal net energy saving rate of 16.11% was obtained at Re_\tau = 5480 for the flat blowing plate with spreading slit, corresponding to an optimal blowing intensity of 0.00375.It was also found that the optimal net energy saving rate increased with the increase of Reynolds number. This study reveals the key role of microjet array angle in blowing drag reduction and energy saving, and provides experimental basis and optimization direction for the engineering application of active flow control technology.

     

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