超声速多轴无源流体推力矢量喷管控制特性研究

Research on the control characteristics of multi-axis supersonic fluidic thrust vectoring nozzle based on the passive secondary flow

  • 摘要: 流体推力矢量技术作为飞行器姿态控制领域的重要研究方向,在推进系统一体化设计与飞行性能优化方面展现出显著优势。当前针对超声速被动引射式无源流体推力矢量喷管的研究多为二维构型,仅能实现俯仰方向矢量控制,限制了该技术在火箭、导弹等多自由度平台的实际工程应用。本研究设计了一种多轴无源流体推力矢量喷管,构建具有8个周向均布二次流注入通道的扩张段结构,实现了多轴推力矢量控制。结合纹影流动显示技术与总压耙测量手段,研究了不同控制策略下的射流波系结构特征与矢量控制特性。实验结果表明:在主流压比NPR = 4.0工况下,通过不同周向方位二次流通道的启闭组合,可实现全周向16方位的推力矢量控制;随着关闭二次流通道数量的增加,流动矢量角逐渐增大;主控方向最大流动矢量角6°,线性度为77.85%;次控方向最大流动矢量角5°,线性度达到96%。

     

    Abstract: Fluidic thrust vectoring control technology has emerged as a critical solution for aircraft attitude control, demonstrating exceptional potential in propulsion-integrated design and flight performance enhancement. Existing supersonic passive ejector-type fluidic thrust vectoring nozzles predominantly employ 2D configurations, and thus are limited to single-axis pitch control. This study designed a multi-axis passive fluidic thrust vectoring nozzle, which feature a divergent section structure with eight circumferentially arranged secondary flow injection channels to achieve multi-axis thrust vectoring control. Through synchronized schlieren visualization and total pressure measurements, the shock wave structures and thrust vectoring characteristics were systematically investigated under diverse control modes. Experimental results demonstrate that at a nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 4.0, thrust vectoring control can be achieved in all 16 circumferential directions by selectively opening and closing secondary flow channels; As the number of closed secondary flow channels increases, the flow vectoring angle gradually increases. The maximum flow vectoring angle in the direction of primary control is 6°, and the linearity is 77.85%; the maximum flow vectoring angle in the direction of secondary control is 5°, and the linearity reaches 96%.

     

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