液体3D打印中的微流体行为研究

Dynamics of Micro-nano Flows in Liquid 3D Printing

  • 摘要: 增材制造技术(3D打印)已成为电子类器件图案化沉积和集成制造的关键工艺。在溶液法打印成形过程中,微纳流动、溶剂蒸发与结晶过程的相互耦合是决定沉积形貌和最终器件性能的共性理论基础。本文综述了两类典型的液体3D打印工艺:喷墨打印与弯液面引导打印,以溶液法功能材料中的突出代表—卤化物钙钛矿光电器件为典型需求案例,总结了打印过程中微纳流动现象的研究与进展。文中将喷墨打印解构为喷射、干燥和成膜三阶段,分析固液气界面流动对成形窗口的影响机制;针对弯液面引导打印,总结了蒸发控制区与薄膜厚度的标度关系,并探讨了微纳尺度受限弯液面的局域富集及由空心到实心形貌转变的流体力学机理。最后,本文归纳了增材制造中微纳尺度流动对功能材料(如钙钛矿)结晶动力学及成膜质量的普适性影响规律,为精密光电及柔性电子器件的高质量制造提供理论依据。

     

    Abstract: The development of additive manufacturing (AM, 3D printing) has made it a key common technology for the patterned deposition and integrated manufacturing of electronic devices. In the process of solution-based printing, the mutual coupling of micro-nano flows, solvent evaporation, and crystallization serves as the universal theoretical foundation determining deposition morphology and final device performance. This article reviews two typical liquid-based 3D printing processes: inkjet printing (IJP) and meniscus-guided printing (MGP). Taking halide perovskite—a prominent representative of solution-processable functional materials—as a typical demand case, this work summarizes the research and progress of micro- and nanoscale fluid phenomena during the printing process. IJP is deconstructed into three stages: jetting, drying, and film formation, to analyze the influence mechanism of solid-liquid-gas interfacial flows on the processing window. For MGP, the scaling relationship between the evaporation-controlled regime and film thickness is summarized, and the fluid dynamic mechanisms of local enrichment within micro- and nanoscale confined menisci, as well as the morphology transformation from hollow to solid, are discussed. Finally, this review summarizes the universal influence laws of micro-nano flows in 3D printing on the crystallization kinetics and film quality of functional materials (such as perovskites), providing a theoretical basis for the high-quality manufacturing of precision optoelectronic and flexible electronic devices.

     

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